Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a single strand RNA virus. Epidemics of EV-A71 occurred in Taiwan since 1998. Infection with EV71 in children is associated with a wide range of severity, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, tachycardia, cardiopulmonary failure, and death. Here, we will introduce (1) the epidemics, diagnosis and treatment of EV-A71 in Taiwan; (2) the pathogenesis of EV-A71 in various mouse models; (3) EV-A71 vaccine and clinical studies. African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) was first identified in Kenya, Africa in 1921. It is a highly contagious double-stranded DNA virus, which can cause hemorrhagic disease and death in domestic pigs. ASFV has spread rapidly from Africa to Europe, Russia, China and many other countries in Asia, including Vietnam, Thailand, and Korea. While ASFV cannot cause any apparent disease in humans, it is a major threat to our agriculture and economy. Over the past year, pork products contaminated with ASFV had frequently been brought to the ports and airports of Taiwan by tourists and travelers. At present, this issue is a top priority for the national security.